Understanding Hallucinogen Use Disorder: Diagnostic Criteria from DSM-5

Introduction

Hallucinogen Use Disorder (HUD) is recognized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) as a pattern of behavior associated with the use of hallucinogenic substances. This article aims to shed light on the specific diagnostic criteria that clinicians use to identify this disorder, allowing for better understanding and awareness of this condition.

Details

The DSM-5 outlines specific criteria to diagnose Hallucinogen Use Disorder. A diagnosis requires the presence of at least two of the following symptoms, occurring within a 12-month period:

• Persistent use of hallucinogens despite knowledge of harmful consequences
  • • Continued consumption of hallucinogens, even when the individual is aware that their use may lead to psychological deterioration.
    • Example: A person might continue using hallucinogens despite experiencing severe anxiety or perceptual disturbances attributed to their use.
• Cravings or strong desire to use hallucinogens
  • • A notable urge or compulsion to use hallucinogenic substances.
    • Example: Frequent thoughts about obtaining and using hallucinogens that interfere with daily activities.
• Recurrent use resulting in failure to fulfill major responsibilities
  • • Regular use of hallucinogens that leads to disruptions in fulfilling personal, work, or academic obligations.
    • Example: Missing work or academic commitments due to the effects of hallucinogens or the time spent acquiring them.
• Continued use despite interpersonal problems
  • • Ongoing use of hallucinogens that exacerbates or creates conflicts in relationships, whether personal or social.
    • Example: Arguments with family members or friends about one’s substance use that are ignored in favor of continued consumption.
• Withdrawal symptoms
  • • Manifestation of withdrawal symptoms when hallucinogen use is reduced or stopped, which may be evidenced through physical effects like tremors, sweating, and distress.
    • Example: A person may experience mood swings or irritability after stopping the use of hallucinogens.
• Tolerance
  • • A need for markedly increased amounts of hallucinogens to achieve intoxication or desired effects due to the body’s adaptation to the substance.
    • Example: Increases in dosage or frequency to replicate previous experiences of effects.
• Failure to control use
  • • An unsuccessful effort to cut down or control hallucinogen use, despite a desire to decrease consumption.
    • Example: Repeated attempts to quit or reduce use but continuing to relapse.
• Significant time spent
  • • Considerable time is spent in activities necessary to obtain, use, or recover from the effects of hallucinogens.
    • Example: Planning how to procure hallucinogens takes precedence over other activities or interests.
• Social, recreational, or occupational activities given up
  • • Important social, occupational, or recreational activities are reduced or abandoned due to hallucinogen use.
    • Example: Avoiding social gatherings or hobbies that do not involve hallucinogens.

Conclusion

The diagnostic criteria for Hallucinogen Use Disorder as per the DSM-5 include a range of behavioral patterns and symptoms that indicate a problematic relationship with hallucinogenic substances. Understanding these criteria can help individuals recognize the signs of misuse and seek appropriate help, leading to improved mental health and well-being. As awareness grows, it is essential to address the complexities of substance use disorders like HUD through informed discussions and appropriate treatment interventions.